//********************************************************
//
// Assignment 9 - Linked Lists
//
// Name: John Semenuk
//
// Class: C Programming, Spring 2026
//
// Date: April 9, 2026
//
// Description: Program which determines overtime and
// gross pay for a set of employees with outputs sent
// to standard output (the screen).
//
// This assignment also adds the employee name, their tax state,
// and calculates the state tax, federal tax, and net pay. It
// also calculates totals, averages, minimum, and maximum values.
//
// Array and Structure references have all been replaced with
// pointer references to speed up the processing of this code.
// A linked list has been created and deployed to dynamically
// allocate and process employees as needed.
//
// Call by Reference design (using pointers)
//
//********************************************************
// necessary header files
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h> // for char functions
#include <stdlib.h> // for malloc
// define constants
#define STD_HOURS 40.0
#define OT_RATE 1.5
#define MA_TAX_RATE 0.05
#define NH_TAX_RATE 0.0
#define VT_TAX_RATE 0.06
#define CA_TAX_RATE 0.07
#define DEFAULT_TAX_RATE 0.08
#define NAME_SIZE 20
#define TAX_STATE_SIZE 3
#define FED_TAX_RATE 0.25
#define FIRST_NAME_SIZE 10
#define LAST_NAME_SIZE 10
// Define a global structure type to store an employee name
struct name
{
char firstName[FIRST_NAME_SIZE];
char lastName [LAST_NAME_SIZE];
};
// Define a global structure type to pass employee data between functions
struct employee
{
struct name empName;
char taxState [TAX_STATE_SIZE];
long int clockNumber;
float wageRate;
float hours;
float overtimeHrs;
float grossPay;
float stateTax;
float fedTax;
float netPay;
struct employee * next;
};
// this structure type defines the totals of all floating point items
struct totals
{
float total_wageRate;
float total_hours;
float total_overtimeHrs;
float total_grossPay;
float total_stateTax;
float total_fedTax;
float total_netPay;
};
// this structure type defines the min and max values of all floating
struct min_max
{
float min_wageRate;
float min_hours;
float min_overtimeHrs;
float min_grossPay;
float min_stateTax;
float min_fedTax;
float min_netPay;
float max_wageRate;
float max_hours;
float max_overtimeHrs;
float max_grossPay;
float max_stateTax;
float max_fedTax;
float max_netPay;
};
// define prototypes here for each function except main
struct employee * getEmpData (void);
int isEmployeeSize (struct employee * head_ptr);
void calcOvertimeHrs (struct employee * head_ptr);
void calcGrossPay (struct employee * head_ptr);
void printHeader (void);
void printEmp (struct employee * head_ptr);
void calcStateTax (struct employee * head_ptr);
void calcFedTax (struct employee * head_ptr);
void calcNetPay (struct employee * head_ptr);
void calcEmployeeTotals (struct employee * head_ptr,
struct totals * emp_totals_ptr);
void calcEmployeeMinMax (struct employee * head_ptr,
struct min_max * emp_minMax_ptr);
void printEmpStatistics (struct totals * emp_totals_ptr,
struct min_max * emp_minMax_ptr,
int theSize);
int main ()
{
struct employee * head_ptr; // always points to first linked list node
int theSize; // number of employees processed
struct totals employeeTotals = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
struct totals * emp_totals_ptr = &employeeTotals;
struct min_max employeeMinMax = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
struct min_max * emp_minMax_ptr = &employeeMinMax;
head_ptr = getEmpData ();
theSize = isEmployeeSize (head_ptr);
if (theSize <= 0)
{
printf("\n\n**** There was no employee input to process ***\n"); }
else
{
calcOvertimeHrs (head_ptr);
calcGrossPay (head_ptr);
calcStateTax (head_ptr);
calcFedTax (head_ptr);
calcNetPay (head_ptr);
calcEmployeeTotals (head_ptr, &employeeTotals);
calcEmployeeMinMax (head_ptr, &employeeMinMax);
printHeader();
printEmp (head_ptr);
printEmpStatistics (&employeeTotals, &employeeMinMax, theSize);
}
printf ("\n\n *** End of Program *** \n"); return (0);
}
//**************************************************************
// Function: getEmpData
//
// Purpose: Obtains input from user: employee name (first an last),
// tax state, clock number, hourly wage, and hours worked
// in a given week.
//
// Information in stored in a dynamically created linked
// list for all employees.
//
// Parameters: void
//
// Returns:
//
// head_ptr - a pointer to the beginning of the dynamically
// created linked list that contains the initial
// input for each employee.
//
//**************************************************************
struct employee * getEmpData (void)
{
char answer[80]; // user prompt response
int more_data = 1; // a flag to indicate if another employee
// needs to be processed
char value; // the first char of the user prompt response
struct employee *current_ptr, *head_ptr; // pointer to current node
head_ptr
= (struct employee
*) malloc (sizeof(struct employee
)); current_ptr = head_ptr;
// process while there is still input
while (more_data)
{
// read in employee first and last name
printf ("\nEnter employee first name: "); scanf ("%s", current_ptr
->empName.
firstName); printf ("\nEnter employee last name: "); scanf ("%s", current_ptr
->empName.
lastName); // read in employee tax state
printf ("\nEnter employee two character tax state: "); scanf ("%s", current_ptr
->taxState
); // read in employee clock number
printf("\nEnter employee clock number: "); scanf("%li", & current_ptr
-> clockNumber
); // read in employee wage rate
printf("\nEnter employee hourly wage: "); scanf("%f", & current_ptr
-> wageRate
); // read in employee hours worked
printf("\nEnter hours worked this week: "); scanf("%f", & current_ptr
-> hours
); // ask user if they would like to add another employee
printf("\nWould you like to add another employee? (y/n): ");
// check first character for a 'Y' for yes
// Ask user if they want to add another employee
if ((value
= toupper(answer
[0])) != 'Y') {
// no more employees to process
current_ptr->next = (struct employee *) NULL;
more_data = 0;
}
else // Yes, another employee
{
// set the next pointer of the current node to point to the new node
current_ptr
->next
= (struct employee
*) malloc (sizeof(struct employee
)); // move the current node pointer to the new node
current_ptr = current_ptr->next;
}
}
return(head_ptr);
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: isEmployeeSize
//
// Purpose: Traverses the linked list and keeps a running count
// on how many employees are currently in our list.
//
// Parameters:
//
// head_ptr - pointer to the initial node in our linked list
//
// Returns:
//
// theSize - the number of employees in our linked list
//
//**************************************************************//*************************************************************
int isEmployeeSize (struct employee * head_ptr)
{
struct employee * current_ptr; // pointer to current node
int theSize; // number of link list nodes
// (i.e., employees)
theSize = 0; // initialize
// assume there is no data if the first node does
// not have an employee name
if (head_ptr->empName.firstName[0] != '\0')
{
// traverse through the linked list, keep a running count of nodes
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
++theSize; // employee node found, increment
}
}
return (theSize);
}
//**************************************************************
// Function: printHeader
//
// Purpose: Prints the initial table header information.
//
// Parameters: none
//
// Returns: void
//
//**************************************************************
void printHeader (void)
{
printf ("\n\n*** Pay Calculator ***\n"); printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------"); printf("-------------------"); printf("\nName Tax Clock# Wage Hours OT Gross "); printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------"); printf("-------------------"); }// printHeader
//*************************************************************
// Function: printEmp
//
// Purpose: Prints out all the information for each employee
// in a nice and orderly table format.
//
// Parameters:
//
// head_ptr - pointer to the beginning of our linked list
//
// Returns: void
//
//**************************************************************
void printEmp (struct employee * head_ptr)
{
// Used to format the employee name
char name [FIRST_NAME_SIZE + LAST_NAME_SIZE + 1];
struct employee * current_ptr; // pointer to current node
// traverse through the linked list to process each employee
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
strcpy (name
, current_ptr
->empName.
firstName); strcat (name
, current_ptr
->empName.
lastName); // Print out current employee in the current linked list node
printf("\n%-20.20s %-2.2s %06li %5.2f %4.1f %4.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", name, current_ptr->taxState, current_ptr->clockNumber,
current_ptr->wageRate, current_ptr->hours,
current_ptr->overtimeHrs, current_ptr->grossPay,
current_ptr->stateTax, current_ptr->fedTax,
current_ptr->netPay);
}// for
}// printEmp
//*************************************************************
// Function: printEmpStatistics
//
// Purpose: Prints out the summary totals and averages of all
// floating point value items for all employees
// that have been processed. It also prints
// out the min and max values.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_totals_ptr - pointer to a structure containing a running total
// of all employee floating point items
//
// emp_minMax_ptr - pointer to a structure containing
// the minimum and maximum values of all
// employee floating point items
//
// theSize - the total number of employees processed, used
// to check for zero or negative divide condition.
//
// Returns: void
//
//**************************************************************
void printEmpStatistics (struct totals * emp_totals_ptr,
struct min_max * emp_minMax_ptr,
int theSize)
{
printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------"); printf("-------------------");
printf("\nTotals: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_totals_ptr->total_wageRate,
emp_totals_ptr->total_hours,
emp_totals_ptr->total_overtimeHrs,
emp_totals_ptr->total_grossPay,
emp_totals_ptr->total_stateTax,
emp_totals_ptr->total_fedTax,
emp_totals_ptr->total_netPay);
if (theSize > 0)
{
printf("\nAverages: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_totals_ptr->total_wageRate/theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_hours/theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_overtimeHrs/theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_grossPay/theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_stateTax/theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_fedTax/theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_netPay/theSize);
}
printf("\nMinimum: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_minMax_ptr->min_wageRate,
emp_minMax_ptr->min_hours,
emp_minMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs,
emp_minMax_ptr->min_grossPay,
emp_minMax_ptr->min_stateTax,
emp_minMax_ptr->min_fedTax,
emp_minMax_ptr->min_netPay);
printf("\nMaximum: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_minMax_ptr->max_wageRate,
emp_minMax_ptr->max_hours,
emp_minMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs,
emp_minMax_ptr->max_grossPay,
emp_minMax_ptr->max_stateTax,
emp_minMax_ptr->max_fedTax,
emp_minMax_ptr->max_netPay);
// print out the total employees process
printf ("\n\nThe total employees processed was: %i\n", theSize
); }
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcOvertimeHrs
//
// Purpose: Calculates the overtime hours worked by an employee
// in a given week for each employee.
//
// Parameters:
//
// head_ptr - pointer to the beginning of our linked list
//
// Returns: void (the overtime hours gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcOvertimeHrs (struct employee * head_ptr) // pointer to current node
{
struct employee * current_ptr;
// traverse through the linked list to calculate overtime hours
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
// Any overtime ?
if (current_ptr->hours >= STD_HOURS)
current_ptr->overtimeHrs = current_ptr->hours - STD_HOURS;
else // no overtime
current_ptr->overtimeHrs = 0;
} // for
} // calcOvertimeHrs
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcGrossPay
//
// Purpose: Calculates the gross pay based on the the normal pay
// and any overtime pay for a given week for each
// employee.
//
// Parameters:
//
// head_ptr - pointer to the beginning of our linked list
//
// Returns: void (the gross pay gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcGrossPay (struct employee * head_ptr)
{
float theNormalPay; // normal pay without any overtime hours
float theOvertimePay; // overtime pay
struct employee * current_ptr; // pointer to current node
// traverse through the linked list to calculate gross pay
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
// calculate normal pay and any overtime pay
theNormalPay = current_ptr->wageRate * (current_ptr->hours - current_ptr->overtimeHrs);
theOvertimePay = current_ptr->overtimeHrs * (OT_RATE * current_ptr->wageRate);
// calculate gross pay for employee as normalPay + any overtime pay
current_ptr->grossPay = theNormalPay + theOvertimePay;
}
} // calcGrossPay
//*************************************************************
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcStateTax
//
// Purpose: Calculates the State Tax owed based on gross pay
// for each employee. State tax rate is based on the
// the designated tax state based on where the
// employee is actually performing the work. Each
// state decides their tax rate.
//
// Parameters:
//
// head_ptr - pointer to the beginning of our linked list
//
// Returns: void (the state tax gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcStateTax (struct employee * head_ptr)
{
struct employee * current_ptr; // pointer to current node
// traverse through the linked list to calculate the state tax
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
// Make sure tax state is all uppercase
if (islower(current_ptr
->taxState
[0])) current_ptr
->taxState
[0] = toupper(current_ptr
->taxState
[0]); if (islower(current_ptr
->taxState
[1])) current_ptr
->taxState
[1] = toupper(current_ptr
->taxState
[1]);
if (strcmp(current_ptr
->taxState
, "MA") == 0) current_ptr->stateTax = current_ptr->grossPay * MA_TAX_RATE;
else if (strcmp(current_ptr
->taxState
, "NH") == 0) current_ptr->stateTax = current_ptr->grossPay * NH_TAX_RATE;
else if (strcmp(current_ptr
->taxState
, "VT") == 0) current_ptr->stateTax = current_ptr->grossPay * VT_TAX_RATE;
else if (strcmp(current_ptr
->taxState
, "CA") == 0) current_ptr->stateTax = current_ptr->grossPay * CA_TAX_RATE;
else
current_ptr->stateTax = current_ptr->grossPay * DEFAULT_TAX_RATE;
} // for
}// calcStateTax
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcFedTax
//
// Purpose: Calculates the Federal Tax owed based on the gross
// pay for each employee
//
// Parameters:
//
// head_ptr - pointer to the beginning of our linked list
//
// Returns: void (the federal tax gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcFedTax (struct employee * head_ptr)
{
struct employee * current_ptr;
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
current_ptr->fedTax = current_ptr->grossPay * FED_TAX_RATE;
}
}
//*************************************************************
void calcNetPay (struct employee * head_ptr)
{
float theTotalTaxes;
struct employee * current_ptr;
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
theTotalTaxes = current_ptr->stateTax + current_ptr->fedTax;
current_ptr->netPay = current_ptr->grossPay - theTotalTaxes;
}
}// calcFedTax
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcNetPay
//
// Purpose: Calculates the net pay as the gross pay minus any
// state and federal taxes owed for each employee.
// Essentially, their "take home" pay.
//
// Parameters:
//
// head_ptr - pointer to the beginning of our linked list
//
// Returns: void (the net pay gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcEmployeeTotals (struct employee * head_ptr,
struct totals * emp_totals_ptr)
{
struct employee * current_ptr;// pointer to current node
for (current_ptr = head_ptr; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
emp_totals_ptr->total_wageRate += current_ptr->wageRate;
emp_totals_ptr->total_hours += current_ptr->hours;
emp_totals_ptr->total_overtimeHrs += current_ptr->overtimeHrs;
emp_totals_ptr->total_grossPay += current_ptr->grossPay;
emp_totals_ptr->total_stateTax += current_ptr->stateTax;
emp_totals_ptr->total_fedTax += current_ptr->fedTax;
emp_totals_ptr->total_netPay += current_ptr->netPay;
}
}
//*************************************************************
void calcEmployeeMinMax (struct employee * head_ptr,
struct min_max * emp_minMax_ptr)
{
struct employee * current_ptr;
current_ptr = head_ptr;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_wageRate = current_ptr->wageRate;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_hours = current_ptr->hours;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs = current_ptr->overtimeHrs;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_grossPay = current_ptr->grossPay;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_stateTax = current_ptr->stateTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_fedTax = current_ptr->fedTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_netPay = current_ptr->netPay;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_wageRate = current_ptr->wageRate;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_hours = current_ptr->hours;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs = current_ptr->overtimeHrs;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_grossPay = current_ptr->grossPay;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_stateTax = current_ptr->stateTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_fedTax = current_ptr->fedTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_netPay = current_ptr->netPay;
// traverse the linked list
// compare the rest of the employees to each other for min and max
current_ptr = current_ptr->next;
// check if current Wage Rate is the new min and/or max
for (; current_ptr; current_ptr = current_ptr->next)
{
if (current_ptr->wageRate < emp_minMax_ptr->min_wageRate)
emp_minMax_ptr->min_wageRate = current_ptr->wageRate;
if (current_ptr->wageRate > emp_minMax_ptr->max_wageRate)
emp_minMax_ptr->max_wageRate = current_ptr->wageRate;
// check if current Hours is the new min and/or max
if (current_ptr->hours < emp_minMax_ptr->min_hours)
emp_minMax_ptr->min_hours = current_ptr->hours;
if (current_ptr->hours > emp_minMax_ptr->max_hours)
emp_minMax_ptr->max_hours = current_ptr->hours;
// check if current Overtime Hours is the new min and/or max
if (current_ptr->overtimeHrs < emp_minMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs)
emp_minMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs = current_ptr->overtimeHrs;
if (current_ptr->overtimeHrs > emp_minMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs)
emp_minMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs = current_ptr->overtimeHrs;
if (current_ptr->grossPay < emp_minMax_ptr->min_grossPay)
emp_minMax_ptr->min_grossPay = current_ptr->grossPay;
if (current_ptr->grossPay > emp_minMax_ptr->max_grossPay)
emp_minMax_ptr->max_grossPay = current_ptr->grossPay;
// check if current Gross Pay is the new min and/or max
if (current_ptr->stateTax < emp_minMax_ptr->min_stateTax)
emp_minMax_ptr->min_stateTax = current_ptr->stateTax;
if (current_ptr->stateTax > emp_minMax_ptr->max_stateTax)
emp_minMax_ptr->max_stateTax = current_ptr->stateTax;
// check if current State Tax is the new min and/or max
if (current_ptr->fedTax < emp_minMax_ptr->min_fedTax)
emp_minMax_ptr->min_fedTax = current_ptr->fedTax;
if (current_ptr->fedTax > emp_minMax_ptr->max_fedTax)
emp_minMax_ptr->max_fedTax = current_ptr->fedTax;
// check if current Net Pay is the new min and/or max
if (current_ptr->netPay < emp_minMax_ptr->min_netPay)
emp_minMax_ptr->min_netPay = current_ptr->netPay;
if (current_ptr->netPay > emp_minMax_ptr->max_netPay)
emp_minMax_ptr->max_netPay = current_ptr->netPay;
} //for
} // calcEmployeeMinMax