#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long int
#define double long double
#define print(a) for(auto x : a) cout << x << " "; cout << endl
const int M = 1000000007;
const int N = 3e5+9;
const int INF = 2e9+1;
const int LINF = 2000000000000000001;
inline int power(int a, int b, int mod=M) {
int x = 1;
a %= mod;
while (b) {
if (b & 1) x = (x * a) % mod;
a = (a * a) % mod;
b >>= 1;
}
return x;
}
//_ ***************************** START Below *******************************
vector<int> a;
int consistency(int n, int k, int p){
if(k==0) return 0;
vector<vector<vector<int>>> dp(n, vector<vector<int>>(k+1, vector<int>(2, -INF)));
for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
dp[i][0][1] = 0;
}
int maxi = -INF;
for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
//* 0 => Selecting i-th so a[i] is selected
dp[i][1][0] = a[i];
//* 1 => Not selecting i-th so maximum in [1: i-1]
//* So we set dp before updating maxi
dp[i][1][1] = maxi;
maxi = max(maxi, a[i]);
}
for(int j=2; j<=k; j++){
for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
if(i-2>=0) dp[i][j][0] = max(dp[i][j][0] , a[i] + max(dp[i-2][j-1][0], dp[i-2][j-1][1]) );
if(i-1>=0) dp[i][j][0] = max(dp[i][j][0], a[i] + dp[i-1][j-1][0] - p);
if(i-1>=0) dp[i][j][1] = max(dp[i-1][j][0], dp[i-1][j][1]);
}
}
return max( dp[n-1][k][0], dp[n-1][k][1] );
}
int practice(int n, int k, int p){
return 0;
}
void solve() {
int n, k, p;
cin>> n >> k >> p;
a.resize(n);
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) cin >> a[i];
cout << consistency(n, k, p) << endl;
}
int32_t main() {
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
int t = 1;
cin >> t;
while (t--) {
solve();
}
return 0;
}
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