#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define ll long long
using namespace std;

int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        int n;
        cin >> n;
        vector<int> a(n);
        ll mx = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            cin >> a[i];
            if ((ll)a[i] > mx) mx = a[i];
        }
        
        vector<int> b;
        b.reserve(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (a[i] <= n) b.push_back(a[i]);
        }
        sort(b.begin(), b.end());
        
        int m = 0;
        for (int x : b) {
            if (x == m) ++m;
            else if (x > m) break;
        }
        
        ll mm = m;
        ll ans = mm * mm + (ll)(n - m) * (mm + mx);
        
        cout << ans << '\n';
    }
    
    return 0;
}